When you base your research career on something
as minuscule as the period at the end of this sentence, you might have
to deal with a questioning look or two.
And when you tell people that little period – a fruit fly brain – is
wired in the same way as their brain, the reactions can get intense.
Erik Johnson, an associate professor in biology at Wake Forest University who studies fruit flies, says he gets two responses.
“One is complete disbelief, to the point of almost being angered by
it. I think that’s unfortunate, because humans could stand to be a
little more humble,” he said.
“Others are just sort of like, wow, but with an interest – open to
the idea that brains are brains, and they all do similar things.
Complexity doesn’t stem from having different genes or special nerve
cells. The basic biophysical, biochemical makeup is the same. The
difference in complexity is in the number of cells. Why flies are so
simple is that they have approximately 100,000 neurons versus the
approximately 11 billion in humans.”
Johnson’s latest study appears in the October issue of the Genetics, which is available online
now. In it, he and his research team use the fruit fly, Drosophila, to
look at an enzyme called AMP-activated kinase and its role in signaling
the hormone that elevates the level of sugar in the blood.
Those findings could be key to developing new treatments for diabetes
and aiding in all sorts of metabolic research, including weight-loss
drugs. Read more.
Studies have shown that bioflavonoids, the pigments that lend fruits and plants their color, may stimulate insulin production and inhibit glycation, the process in which damaged glucose molecules bind with proteins to create advanced glycation end products, or AGEs. While most AGEs are harmless, others disturb molecular functioning and contribute to organ and nerve damage. To better understand how this occurs, remember that glycation is what causes food in the oven to brown. Thanks a lot.
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